Pack Up My Old Guitar. . .
I'm gonna Pack Up My Old Guitar. . .
OK, you've got a good hardshell case.
You do have a hardshell case, don't you? If you want to travel and you don't have a hardshell case, then get one!
Now that we've gotten that out of the way, let's talk about traveling with your instrument. Because guitars are so popular, I'll use "guitar" to mean "instrument" in the generic sense.
We talk about the dangers of humidity and heat, but if there's one phrase that strikes terror in the hearts of guitar players, it's "airline baggage handlers." Rightly so, because these guys are under a lot of pressure to get the baggage moved quickly, and they tend to toss suitcases and guitar cases with apparent abandon. They're really just doing their jobs, and most of the time the bumps and scrapes are truly just normal wear and tear, but. . .
There's nothing like the sight of your guitar being pitched straight down to the tarmac from the belly of an aircraft!
Bear in mind that the vast majority of the time instruments and baggage come through the journey without a scratch. Once, I saw a 'cello dressed only in a flimsy canvas bag come bouncing down the baggage chute onto the carousel. Its owner claimed it, opened the bag, looked it over and played a few notes to prove that it was in fine shape. I would have predicted certain disaster, about like shipping an ostrich egg with no packaging.
The real issue is to protect yourself and your guitar from the trauma of being one of the casualties. I think it's wise to consider checking an instrument through the baggage system to be basically the same as shipping it by UPS or other carrier.
Once I saw a guitar that had been speared by the tines of a forklift. I really don't think it's reasonable to try to guard against that kind of freak accident. The real danger is from the kind of normal fall that baggage takes when it gets dropped. In that kind of fall, the case may not be damaged, but the guitar inside can really get crunched.
There's not a lot you can do to protect your guitar if the case gets squished, but that circumstance is also very rare. What's not rare is a flat fall in which the neck breaks right behind the nut. The case hits the ground with a sharp blow, and the peghead snaps the neck in a classic "whiplash" injury. The grain direction of the neck is usually rather unfavorable for such an impact, and the tuners add a lot of mass. The inertia of the peghead may snap the neck in either a forward or backward fall.
By the way, the super heavy "flight cases" give great protection, but not from the inertial blow I'm discussing here. If I had one of these cases, I'd pack the peghead the same way as I'm describing.
For years, I've packed guitars with little or no additional support for the body, concentrating all my effort on packing the peghead to avoid what we call the "airline break."
I hope it's obvious that my packing instructions also apply to shipping guitars by common carrier.
Now, let's travel:
First, I like to loosen the string tension:
I don't think it's necessarily a good idea to release all the tension on a steel string guitar. Leaving some tension will support the peghead a little in a backward fall; it will also keep the bridge pins in place. For steel string guitars I detune the strings nearly but not completely slack. I'd leave a nylon string guitar tuned up because the tension is not so great.
If your guitar has a pickup and preamp installed, remove the battery and wrap it up inside the string pocket of the case. If it gets loose, a battery can do a lot of damage flying around inside a guitar body.
Arch top guitars, mandolins, and instruments with moveable bridges should have the bridges, tailpiece covers and any other parts that could come loose removed, wrapped securely and stowed in the string compartment of the case. Remember that these little guys will get loose if they can, and scar the hell out of your instrument!
If the strings lie directly on the face of the instrument after removing the bridge, then I'll wrap the strings in a paper towel to avoid scratches.
Next, a big wad of newspaper under the peghead:
This is enough paper to hold the peghead high in the case.
When it comes to balling up newspaper, I've found that it's better to use about 3 sheets at a time rather than just one. The resulting wads have greater strength for packing.
Then, a similar stuffing on top of the peghead:
How much stuffing?
Enough so it's plenty hard to close the case, with the peghead suspended, equally supported on top and bottom.
I'm pushing hard to close this case:
The idea is to keep the peghead from moving even a teeny bit when the guitar case gets slammed down.
Time for a couple more anecdotes:
Years ago I had a customer leave his guitar case standing on its butt end with the neck sticking straight up in the air. Just as I warned him, the case fell flat forward on its face. When he opened it up, the peghead had snapped clean off! This was a good illustration of how simple a fall can cause great damage. A flat fall on the carpeted floor caused no damage to the case, of course, but delivered a huge blow to the peghead.
After hearing my description of how to protect the peghead, one fellow packed his guitar's peghead with a light polyurethane foam wedge on top and bottom. The peghead was broken during handling by the airlines. Clearly, the foam was not rigid enough to prevent a slight movement when the case hit the deck.
Bubble wrap is OK, but you've got to make sure you use enough to keep that old inertia in check:
Again, this case will be hard to close before I'm through!
As to the body, I don't do anything except make sure it doesn't rattle around. I've never seen inertia injure the body without collapsing the case. Oh, yes, and remove the end pin if you can, especially if it butts up against the case. Lots of cases are relieved in that area and padded to avoid driving the end pin into the body. Naturally, it doesn't hurt to put some soft resilient padding around the body anywhere you can, but usually I don't find it necessary.
Here's an important caution:
Many fine instruments are finished with French polish or nitrocellulose lacquer. Particularly when the finish is relatively new, it may react to packing material, case lining, straps, tape, etc. When packing up you may want to protect the finish from what appears to be innocent resilient packing material.
Crunched up newspaper has corners that press into finish, and bubble wrap has bubbles that press unevenly, so you can wrap the peghead in plain paper to equalize the pressure and keep volatile plastics away from a delicate finish.
By the way, I have never seen (but I have heard of) damage to old finishes from bubble wrap and newspaper. I have, however, seen lots of new instruments that were shipped from their makers a bit too soon after the finish was applied. These often get press marks deep into the uncured finish from the case lining and/or packing material.
Everybody knows what a guitar box looks like, right? If you want truly great protection, you have to get a guitar box. You may be able to get a shipping box from you local guitar shop. If not, you might try modifying a bicycle box.
All you do is seal your packed hardshell case into the box with a whole load of wadded up newspaper as stuffing. That way, when the box hits the pavement it will bounce a little, crush or otherwise keep the blow from being sharp enough to create the kind of damage I've been talking about. That's the way we ship guitars and that's the way they all arrive at our shop, packed in these cardboard boxes.
It turns out to be very easy to take your boxed up guitar through the airport. You can carry it just like a suitcase if you simply have a handle:
Lay the box on its edge and pick it up to find the balance point. It's never in the middle. Then whip out your pocket knife and cut a C-shaped hole like this:
Fold back the flap and you have a reasonable handle that doesn't compromise the integrity of your box:
Am I stylin' or what? Packed and ready to fly:
This is the way to travel!
Seriously, I've never heard of a guitar injured by the baggage system when it was packed this way. Total cost of the packing is near nothing, and it's just a little more work than going with a naked guitar case.
How about another airline story:
Many years ago a professional musician friend was traveling to Nova Scotia. Before the flight back she detuned her guitar as usual before checking it through as baggage. When she opened the case after the flight, she found the guitar was tuned back up to pitch. Another illustration of how tempting guitars are. . .
Here's what I do to the latches on my luggage, and to the latches of a guitar case if I have to send it through as baggage:
Duct tape is cheap insurance. I met a friend at the baggage carousel just as all his clothes came down the conveyor after the latches were torn off his suitcase. The airline declared that it was "normal wear and tear" because the suitcase was old. My guitar case is old. . .
Well, that's all I can think of to say about packing for shipment or travel.
Here's an observation about case longevity.
A case cover will extend the life of your case many times over. The simplest case cover will protect the edges of a standard wooden case (like the one above) from scuffing. When the fabric scuffs off the edges, the case falls apart. Get a Cordura case cover like this one and your case will last almost forever:
Speaking of case covers, this one is not so much for mechanical protection, but it has a lot of heat resistance. It's a Climate Case, and it's made of that reflective space blanket material:
Don't get the idea that it will eliminate the damage from being stored in a hot parked car. It will give quite a lot of protection, but eventually the interior temperature will go up, so watch out. I know the manufacturer claims more than that, but I'm pretty nervous about the heat thing. As far as I know, these covers offer the best heat protection, especially when zipped up right over the case handle.